Until的详细用法总结

Until的用法

　　比较until和till

　　此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是"做某事直至某时"，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是"直至某时才做某事"。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。 正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。

　　肯定句：

　　I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。

　　Wait till I call you.　 等着我叫你。

　　(在肯定句中可用before代替 Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets.)

　　否定句：

　　She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock.

　　她直到6点才到。

　　until 用法上的三个难点

　　一、

　　1. until用在肯定句,谓语动词通常是延续性动词,如stand, stay, talk, wait等,表示主句动作终止的时间。如:

　　③I waited until he came back.我一直等到他回来。

　　④The war lasted until 1945.战争持续到1945年。

　　如果用在否定句,谓语动词通常是瞬间性动词,如open, start, leave, arrive, finish, stop等,强调主句动作开始的时间。如:

　　⑤I didn't leave the boy until his mother turned up.直到这孩子的母亲来,我才离开。

　　⑥The noise of the street didn't stop until it was midnight.街上的噪音直到半夜才停止。

　　2.连词until引导的从句中谓语动词的时态

　　1)until后面的从句中不能用一般将来时，应该用一般现在时代替。所谓的“主将从现”。

　　He will stay here until his mother comes back.

　　They will study at the school until their parents come to take them home.

　　2)主句的谓语动词为一般现在时或一般将来时时， until从句中的谓语动词为现在完成时，用来强调从句谓语动词表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前。试比较：

　　I won’t go to bed until I have finished my homework. 我要完成作业才睡觉。

　　3) 主句中的谓语动词为一般过去时时，从句中的谓语动词为过去完成时，用来强调从句谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前。试比较：

　　Li Lei didn’t come until the film had begun. 直到电影开演，李雷才来。

　　二、until与before的区别

　　1.可直接换用的情况:在until能使用的句型中,即主句含有否定式终止性谓语动词或肯定式延续性动词,可与before直接替换,意义差别不大。如:

　　①The students won't go home until / before they finish their homework.学生们要先完成作业才能回家。

　　②The woman worked in the factory until/before 1990. 1990年以前这妇女在这家工厂上班。

　　2.不可换用的情况:当主句含有肯定式终止性谓语动词时,只能用before不能用until,且before常意为"没来得及……"或"……才……"等。如:

　　③Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦差不多将我撞倒才看见了我。

　　④He had measured me before I could get in a word.我还没来得及插话,他就把我的尺寸量好了。

　　三、not until的倒装与强调结构

　　1.当Not until位于句首时,句子要倒装。其结构为:Not until+从句/表时间的词+助动词+(主句)主语+谓语+...。如:

　　①Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话。

　　②Not until next week will the sports meet be held.直到下周才开运动会。

　　2. not until的强调结构为:It is / was not until+从句/表时间的词+that+主句。上面两句为强调句为:

　　③It was not until the teacher came in that the students stopped talking.

　　④It is not until next week that the sports meet will be held.

BBC英语：一分钟By 和 Until用法区别

　　Hi guys! This is Kee from BBC Learning English, and today I'm going to tell you the differences between until and by.

　　大家好!我是BBC英语学习频道的基，今天我们来学学until和by之间的区别。

　　We use until to talk about doing something up to a certain point in time.

　　until用于表示做某事直到特定时间。

　　If I say:

　　如果我说：

　　I have to take care of my dog until 5pm,

　　我5点前都得照看我的狗。

　　it means I will start taking care of my dog now and stop taking care of it at 5pm.

　　也就是说我从现在开始直到下午5点都要照看我的狗。

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